Tuesday, February 28, 2012

Heil Sound – PRO SET ELITE Microfone

http://qrznow.com/?p=844

Heil Sound – PRO SET ELITE Microfone

The Basics
The new Heil Pro Set Elite is the ultimate boomset designed for commercial sportscasters, podcasters and amateur radio operators using the newly designed Heil HC 6 wide response microphone element. The new technology of the Heil HC 6 is designed for full range commercial AM or FM network broadcasts or can be adjusted for bright, articulate audio to cut through amateur radio noise and signal pileups. The Pro Set Elite offers dual side, highly efficient speakers mounted in acoustically tuned chambers which produce high rejection of outside noise. The exclusive Heil Phase Reversal feature allows the user to move the signal acoustically, which creates a spatial widening of the sound field that makes it easier to ‘see’ a signal inside a pileup while removing listener fatigue during prolonged use. The headphone’s speakers fold up for easy transportation and storage.

The field-replaceable cushioned ear pads also come with removable cotton covers that can be easily removed for washing. The 6′ coiled cable terminates in a 1/8″ mono plug for the microphone, and a stereo 1/8″ plug for headphone speaker connection. A 1/8″ to 1/4″ adapter is also supplied. The PRO SET ELITE works with all Heil AD-1 adapter cables, which mate with just about every type of amateur radio transceiver.

There are two different models:
Pro Set Elite – 6 contains the Heil HC 6 full range dynamic broadcast element. The HC-6 is designed for commercial broadcast applications; the -3dB points are fixed at 100 Hz and 12.5 kHz, with sensitivity of -57 dB at 600 Ohms output impedance (centered at 1kHz). Using new dynamic technology, the HC 6 response can be equalized to match just about any requirement, from full range commercial broadcasting to serious contest and DXing. Listen to John W5GI as he transmits using the HC 6 into his Flex transmitter and what you are listening to is that signal received on a second Flex receiver.

Pro Set Elite – iC contains the specially designed high performance electret condenser which was designed for low level mic inputs used in many iCOM amateur radio transceivers. The -3dB points are fixed at 80 Hz and 12.5 kHz. The iC element requires + 5 Volts DC phantom power, which all iCOM rigs provide.

Read a review of the Heil Pro-Set Elite at eHam.net

Another review of the Pro-Set Elite

Some state laws prohibit the use of headsets while operating a vehicle. Please check with your local regulations and restrictions prior to usage of this product while operating a vehicle

http://qrznow.com/?p=844

YB8Y – Ohoiew Island OC-221

http://dx-world.net/2012/yb8y-ohoiew-island-oc-221/

YB8Y – Ohoiew Island OC-221

oppy, YB8XM plans activity from Ohoiew Island OC-221 as YB8Y between March 20-27, 2012.

QRV all bands / modes. QSL via YB1GJS.

Joppy explains: Ohoiew island is a small island off Kai islands. You can see it with APRS or Google maps – coordinates 132.38.04,9E and 05.41.15,3S.

http://dx-world.net/2012/yb8y-ohoiew-island-oc-221/

Monday, February 27, 2012

Contester’s Code of Ethics

http://wwrof.org/contester-code-of-ethics/

Contester’s Code of Ethics

II will learn and obey the rules of any contest I enter, including the rules of my entry category
I will obey the rules for amateur radio in my country.
I will not modify my log after the contest by using additional data sources to correct callsign/exchange errors.
I will accept the judging and scoring decisions of the contest sponsor as final.
I will adhere to the DX Code of Conduct in my operating style.
I will yield my frequency to any emergency communications activity.
I will operate my transmitter with sufficient signal quality to minimize interference to others.

Dedicated to improving the skills of amateur radio operators around the world, utilizing education, competition, advancement of technology and scientific research, promoting international friendship and goodwill, and preparing them to better serve society in times of communication need.
World Wide Radio Operators Foundation, Inc.

The World Wide Radio Operators Foundation was created in 2009 by a group of radio operators who saw a need for an independent organization devoted to the skill and art of radio operating.

We believe that amateur radio contests provide a means of testing operating skill and that worldwide contest sponsors can benefit from the support we can provide.

The Directors and Officers of the World Wide Radio Operators Foundation are all well-known and highly-respected radio operators. In addition, each brings a specific skill set and proven track record in his professional career to the management of the organization.

A FOCUS ON OPERATING

Amateur radio is a very diverse hobby. Some amateurs enjoy designing and building their own equipment. Some enjoy the thrill of chasing DX. Some simply enjoy casual conversation with other amateurs in far-off locations. Still others use their skills to provide communications in emergency situations where other forms of communication are not available.

National organizations such as ARRL serve the whole spectrum of pursuits in the hobby. Some clubs and organizations, such as the Northern California DX Foundation, YASME Foundation, and mode-specific groups such as FOC and CWOps, are devoted to specific segments of the hobby. However, no organization exists that is focused on radio operating across all bands and modes.

Until now, many of the elements of modern radio contest operating such as log-checking software, log-submission robots, etc., have been developed and supported by volunteers. Many of the enhancements envisioned for the future will involve considerable expense, and no organization exists to support them.

The World Wide Radio Operators Foundation was created to fill that need.

http://wwrof.org/contester-code-of-ethics/

ARRL DX SSB 2012: Propagation Cools as ARRL CW Focused Again on Carribean Contesters

arrlssb12_pre.htm

ARRL DX SSB 2012: Propagation Cools as ARRL CW Focused Again on Carribean Contesters

Jamie Dupree NS3T

After fantastic worldwide conditions last fall for the CQ WW DX Contests, the sun has not been cooperating so far in 2012, and that was true in the ARRL DX CW test, limiting the best six-band DX propagation to those stations in the Carribean.
And it might well mean the same kind of contest in the ARRL DX SSB, which starts at 0000z March 3 and ends at 2400z on March 4.
It's not to say that Europe and Asia were absent from ARRL CW - far from it. But 10 meter openings to outside of the Carribean were more limited in nature than what contesters experienced late last year.
Sunspot numbers continue to be just average, nothing like the three digit showings that thrilled contesters last fall, leading to hopes for a fast-paced 2012 in terms of contesting, hopes that now seem a bit far away.
As for the ARRL CW scores, John Barcroft K6AM leads all DX stations for now as he ran up 6.9 million points from ZF2AM in the Cayman Islands from 6,568 raw contacts and 353 mulipliers - as he only missed VE4 on 160 meters.
"Conditions were pretty good overall," Barcroft said in his 3830 report, noting good openings all day and into the evening on 15 meters, but more spotlight openings of past years on 10 meters.
Barcroft is about 340,000 points ahead of Andy Faber AE6Y, who ran P49Y to 6.6 million points.
The low power category was also dominated by stations in the Carribean, with N3AD the leader from VP2MMM at 4.9 million points.
Back in the US and Canada, the review was mixed - lots of activity, but not the wide open bands many had been hoping for in 2012.
"Interesting conditions," remarked Scott Redd K0DQ, who operated from WW1WW, notching 6.7 million points for the top single op score so far.
The low power lead is up to the log checkers, as Maury Peiperi W3EF has a lead of just 36,000 points on defending champ Ed Sawyer N1UR, who almost pulled off another top score despite suffering from the flu.
"10M was very poor here considering how fun in was through the end of last year," Sawyer said on 3830, adding that he found "Friday night 160 and 80 were terrible and even Sat night was only so so."
"Unlike the CQ WW CW contest, the contest wasn't quite as much fun, mostly due to the relatively degraded conditions compared to last fall," said John Dorr K1AR on 3830.
"However, working nearly 3K QSOs is still a good time by any definition," Dorr added, as he churned out 4.3 million points in the Unlimited category.
An auroral disturbance during the contest didn't help conditions for some in the northern latitudes, both in Europe and the US and Canada.
"Conditions on the low bands the first night, pretty poor but even poorer was 10 M the second day," said Mark Pride K1RX, whose Multi-Multi team ran up over 10 million points.
"Oh well," Pride said on 3830.
The Multi-Multi lead in ARRL CW right now is in the hands of Team W3LPL, but only by 170,000 points over Team K3LR.
W3LPL had 8,073 contacts and 678 mults; K3LR edged them in mults with 683, but had fewer QSO's at 7,929.
"Its amazing how two top scoring teams can compete for 48 hours under considerably different propagation conditions and submit scores within just one percent of each other," said Frank Donovan W3LPL afterward.
W3LPL grinded out only 598 contacts on 10 meters; they had almost three times that many in CQ WW CW with 1,786 QSO's.
For those doing only 10 meters, it was a frustrating weekend.
"It was a tough slog," said Pete Stafford K2PS, who didn't find much joy from Washington, D.C.
"I was hoping to reprise my terrific experiences from the recent CQWW and ARRL 10 Meter contests by doing a single band 10 meter, LP effort," Stafford said on 3830, but he only managed 176 contacts and 67 mults.
But - as a reminder to all of us - while that might not seem like much, it has Stafford at the top of claimed scores in his category.
Down the East Coast to North Carolina, Bill Tippett W4ZV checked in with the best 10 meter single band score, as he found 825 QSO's and 105 multipliers.
"Aurora Saturday caused some interesting openings over the North Pole and also caused Asia to skew over the South Pacific," W4ZV reported on 3830.
The 10 meter leaders were in the Carribean as you would expect - with HK1R and J39BS leading the high and low power categories.
Will that be the story for ARRL SSB? The bands may be more like ARRL DX 2011 than last fall, but it doesn't mean it won't be a fun time to contest. The ARRL DX SSB Contest begins at 0000z March 3 and ends at 2400z on March 4

http://www.radio-sport.net/arrlssb12_pre.htm

Sunday, February 26, 2012

Welcome to LCWO.net - Learn Morse Code (CW) Online!

http://lcwo.net/

Welcome to LCWO.net - Learn Morse Code (CW) Online!

At LCWO you can learn Morse telegraphy (CW) online in your browser. You don't need to install a program on your computer, and you always have your personal settings available, from any computer on the globe with an internet connection. You can also easily track your progress by means of different statistical functions.

Sign up for a free account (or use username "test", password "test" to play around) and start learning or improving your CW today

Features

- Koch Method CW Course
- Highscores — compare your results with others
- Speed Practice (Code Groups, Plain Text Training, Callsign Training, Word training)
- MP3 practice files (Download)
- Convert text to CW (does not require a login)
- Forum for user discussions and feedback
- User groups
- WAE QTC training
- more to come soon...

About LCWO - Learn CW Online

This site, Learn CW Online (LCWO), was established in May 2008 by Fabian Kurz, DJ1YFK (Impressum, profile), hoping to make learning and practicing CW (Morse code) as easy and effortless as possible.
LCWO is under constant development; all comments and suggestions are welcome. To get in touch with the author, use the contact form or send an email to help@lcwo.net. For general questions and discussion, feel free to use the forum. Thanks to all the users who contributed to the project so far. Without all the feedback the site wouldn't be what it is today!
Using LCWO is and will always remain free of cost. We are not interested in monetary donations.

Translators

Many thanks to following persons for translating the user interface to new languages:

Luděk, OK2IEN (cs)
Gael (gagadget) (fr)
Maury, IZ1CRR it)
David, CT1DRB (pt)
Pablo, EA1QL (es)
Fery, YO4PX (ro), Radioamator.ro
Atsu, JE1TRV (jp)
Gust, ON7GZ (nl)
Giuliano (julle) (se)

Alex, YL3BU (ru)
Boštjan, S55O (sl)
Tom, SP7WT & VK2OE (pl)
Hannu, DM1TT (fi)
Emir, DL4CC & E74JE (bs)
Victoria, SV2KBS (gr)
Mike, SQ6JNX (pl)
Béla, HA4YF (hu)
Ottó, HA5OT (hu)

Ede, HA5BWW (hu)
Salva, EB3CML (ca)
Martin, 9A2JK (hr)
Wut, HS8JYX (th)
Amry, 9M2RIE (ms)
Oleg, RD1A (ru)
Bekir, TA2RX (tr)
fdl (zh)
You?

If you like to help to translate LCWO to another language, please get in touch with Fabian, DJ1YFK via email. Thanks!

Spread the word!

If you like to link to LCWO from your website or blog, you may want to use one of the following banners or buttons. Also high resolution logos (b/w) are available for QSL cards.

Banner, 468x60px:
[LCWO Banner]

Buttons, 80x15px:
[LCWO Button 1]

Logos for QSL cards (ZIP file with several formats, PDF, EPS, PNG):

http://lcwo.net/

QRQ - yet another CW trainer (Linux, Unix, OS X, Windows)

http://fkurz.net/ham/qrq.html

QRQ - yet another CW trainer (Linux, Unix, OS X, Windows)

Current version: 0.3.0 - December 18th 2011 - see ChangeLog - Downloads.

qrq is an open source Morse telegraphy trainer which runs on several operating systems (Linux, Unix, OS X and Windows), similar to the classic DOS version of Rufz by DL4MM.
It's not intended for learning telegraphy (check out LCWO or have a look at radio.linux.org.au for CW learning software), but to improve the ability to copy callsigns at high speeds, as needed for example for Contesting.

How to use it

Using qrq is simple: qrq sends 50 random calls from a database. After each call, it waits for the user to enter what he heard and compares the entered callsign with the one sent. If the callsign is copied correctly, the speed is increased by 10cpm / 2wpm and full points are credited, if there were mistakes in the callsign entered, the speed decreases by 10cpm / 2wpm and (depending on how many letters were correct) only a fraction of the maximum points are credited.
A callsign can be heard again once by pressing F6, hitting F10 aborts the attempt.
The possible speed ranges from 20cpm (4wpm) to infinity, the initial speed can be set by the user (in ~/qrq/qrqrc or in the settings menu, F5).
Additionally, there are several training modes available. Arbitrary databases of callsigns or words can be loaded, it's possible to practice at a fixed speed, etc.

Toplist

There is a simple toplist function in qrq which makes it possible for the user to keep track of his training success or to compare scores with others.
A small Perl script (qrqscore) can be used to upload your best score to the the qrq toplist, and to synchronize your local toplist with the online list. If Perl is not available, scores can also be sent by email to the author.
Note that there is no checksum or other mechanism to verify the scores, it relies on your honesty.
As of version 0.0.7, the toplist file also includes a timestamp of the attempt, which makes it possible to keep track of your training progress. Pressing F7 generates a graph score vs. date. (Gnuplot required.)

Configuration

All settings are saved in the configuration file qrqrc (in the current directory or ~/.qrq/ on Unix). You may edit it before running qrq for the first time, but most settings can also be changed in the configuration menu (F5, also works during attempts).

CW tone generator

Special care has been taken of the CW tone generator. In order to avoid key clicks, the CW signal edges are formed as a raised cosine impulse. The rise- and fall times can be set individually to any value (in milliseconds); an adaptive mode allows to use different times depending on the current speed. This graph (produced with GNUplot) shows a dash at 500CpM/100WpM with 5ms rise time and 15ms fall time (too much for real CW, just for demonstration purposes), at a samplerate of 44.1kHz.
OSS, PulseAudio, Core Audio (OS X) and WinMM are supported methods for sound output.

Download, License

Of course qrq is free software (free as in beer and free as in freedom) and published under the GPL 2.
The current version is 0.3.0 and can be found in the download-directory.
qrq is also available as a package in different formats, thanks to the work of the respective maintainers.

Format	Link	Maintainer
source	qrq-0.3.0.tar.gz	-
FreeBSD port	ports/comms/qrq	Diane, VA3DB
Debian deb	qrq	Kamal, KA6MAL, Steve, AI4QR
Ubuntu deb	qrq	via Debian
Mac OS X	qrq-0.2.1.dmg	Marc, KB1OOO
Windows Installer	qrq-0.3.0.exe	-

Author, Contact, Feedback

qrq was written by Fabian Kurz, DJ1YFK.
Marc Vaillant, KB1OOO contributed code to make it work under Mac OS X.
Lukasz Komsta, SP8QED contributed code for the native Windows version.
I am always interested in any kind of feedback concerning qrq. If you have any suggestions, questions, feature-requests etc., don't hesitate a minute and contact me via email.

http://fkurz.net/ham/qrq.html

Saturday, February 25, 2012

REF UNION CONTEST

http://concours.ref-union.org/contest/

RÉSEAU DES ÉMETTEURS FRANÇAIS UNION FRANÇAISE DES RADIOAMATEURS

Section française de l’Union internationale des radioamateurs (I.A.R.U.)

Siège social : 32 rue de Suède, 37100 TOURS – Services administratifs : BP 7429 – 37074 TOURS CEDEX 2 – Tél.02.47.41.88.73 – Fax : 02.47.41.88.88

FRENCH CONTESTS COMMITEE

French HF Championship "Coupe du REF" rules

1. Objective

• French amateurs work as many amateur stations in as many French of the 97 metropolitans departments (including F6REF HQ), overseas territories (DOM/TOM) and DXCC countries of the world as possible on 80, 40, 20, 15, and 10 meter bands.

• Foreign amateurs work as many F stations in as many of the 97 metropolitans departments

(including F6REF HQ) and overseas French territories (DOM/TOM) as possible.

2. Contest period

• CW: Last full weekend in January.

• SSB: Last full weekend in February.

• Contest Period: 36 hours each mode (separate contests).

• Starts 0600 UTC Saturday; ends 1800 UTC Sunday

3. Bands and modes

80, 40, 20, 15, 10 m, according to IARU band plan for each country, CW and Phone.

4. Foreign entry Categories

Single operator all bands

Single operator single band

Multi operator single transmitter all bands

No power categories.

5. Contest call

CQ REF

6. Exchange

F stations send RST+Dept (or Prefix for overseas French stations) Ex for F6XXX: 59(9) 75

Ex for FM5XX: 59(9) FM

Non-F stations send RST + serial number (beginning with 001)

7. Scoring

• QSO Points: each F station count one point from same continent or three points with other continent.

• Multipliers: Sum of departments + DOM/TOM worked per band.

• Final score: QSO points X multipliers = final score

Ex: 547 qso points, 224 departments, 4 DOM/TOM (224 + 4) x 547 = 124 716

8 Log submission

• The log files must be emailed in Cabrillo format.

CW: cdfcw@ref-union.org

SSB: cdfssb@ref-union.org

The e-mail containing the log will be automatically acknowledged by the server and entrants will be informed about process of log-checking.

• See here for specs: http://www.kkn.net/~trey/Cabrillo_v2/ref-ssb.txt

• Hand writing logs only could be send to the adjudicator. Please refer to our web site for the mailing address: http://concours.ref-union.org/commission/membres_dx.php

• All log entries must be postmarked no later than 30 days after the contest

9 Awards:

• A classification will be established for each continent.

• A certificate will be awarded for each station with almost 100 valids QSOs.

Miscellaneous:

http://concours.ref-union.org/contest/

60-Meter Operations – New Privileges and Recommended Practices

http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Regulatory/Recommended_Practices_for_60_Meters%20-%20Version%206_4.pdf

60-Meter Operations – New Privileges and Recommended Practices

In November 2011, the Federal Communications Commission issued a Report and Order that substantially expanded Amateur Radio privileges on the 60-meter band. The new privileges will take effect on March 5, 2012.

Amateurs are permitted to operate on five frequency channels, each having an effective bandwidth of 2.8 kHz. See Table 1 below.

Table 1

Channel 1: 5330.5 kHz

Channel 2: 5346.5 kHz

Channel 3: 5357.0 kHz

Channel 4: 5371.5 kHz

Channel 5: 5403.5 kHz

These frequencies are available for use by stations having a control operator holding a General, Advanced or Amateur Extra class license. It is important to note that the frequencies shown above are suppressed carrier frequencies – the frequencies that appear in your transceiver’s tuning display when your transceiver is in the USB mode.

Amateurs may transmit with an effective radiated power of 100 W or less, relative to a half- wave dipole. If you’re using a commercial directional antenna, FCC Rules require you to keep a copy of the manufacturer’s gain specifications in your station records. If you built the directional antenna yourself, you must calculate the gain and keep the results in your station records.

When using a directional antenna, you must take your antenna gain into account when setting your RF output power. For example, if your antenna offers 3 dB gain, your maximum legal output power on 60 meters should be no more than 50 W (50 W plus 3 dB gain equals 100 W Effective Radiated Power).

In addition to increasing the power amateurs can use on 60 meters, the Report and Order also expanded the number of legal operating modes:

Upper Sideband (USB)

Digital

Each mode comes with its own requirements for legal operation on 60 meters.

Upper Sideband Operation

Upper Sideband operation on 60 meters is simple. Just tune your transceiver to one of the channel frequencies shown in Table 1 and operate, being careful that you do not overmodulate and create “splatter” that would fall outside the 2.8 kHz channel bandwidths. If your transceiver allows you to adjust your maximum SSB transmit bandwidth, setting it to 2.4 kHz should keep you well within the legal limit.

CW Operation

CW operation must take place at the center of your chosen channel. This means that your transmitting frequency must be 1.5 kHz above the suppressed carrier frequency as specified in

the Report and Order (see Table 1). Operating at strict channel-center frequencies may come as a disappointment to many, but cooperating with the NTIA is key to expanded privileges in the future.

The channel center frequencies are …

Channel 1: 5332.0 kHz

Channel 2: 5348.0 kHz

Channel 3: 5358.5 kHz

Channel 4: 5373.0 kHz

Channel 5: 5405.0 kHz

Consult your transceiver manual. Some transceivers transmit CW at the exact frequencies shown on their displays, but others offset the actual transmission frequency by a certain amount (for example, 600 Hz). If your manual is not clear on this point, contact the manufacturer. If you

have access to a frequency counter, this is an excellent tool for ensuring that your CW signal is on the channel center frequency.

Digital Operation

Our expanded privileges on 60 meters were the result of collaboration between the FCC and the NTIA – the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the agency that manages and coordinates telecommunications activities among US government departments, the primary users of the band. The NTIA expressed concern about possible interference and requested that amateurs limit digital operating to PSK31 and PACTOR III only.

It is certainly possible to interpret the FCC Report and Order somewhat broadly as it concerns digital operating on the band, but be careful not to read too much into the text. For example, while the Report and Order mentions RTTY, it also specifies that the signal must be less than 60 Hz wide. This is too narrow for amateur teletype signals. Only a much narrower mode such as PSK31 (about 50 Hz wide) meets this requirement.

With an eye to the potential for expanded 60 meter privileges in the future, the ARRL believes it is critical to cooperate fully with the NTIA. Therefore, the ARRL asks all amateurs to restrict 60-meter digital operations to PSK31 or PACTOR III.

With PSK31 you must operate on the following channel center frequencies …

Channel 1: 5332.0 kHz

Channel 2: 5348.0 kHz

Channel 3: 5358.5 kHz

Channel 4: 5373.0 kHz

Channel 5: 5405.0 kHz

The easiest way to achieve this is to place your transceiver in the USB mode and tune to one of the suppressed carrier channel frequencies shown in Table 1.

With your PSK31 software display configured to indicate audio frequencies, click your mouse cursor at the 1500 Hz mark (see below). With your radio in the USB mode, this marker indicates the center of the channel and it is the frequency on which you should be transmitting.

PACTOR III operation on 60 meters is straightforward. With your transceiver in the USB mode, tune to one of the suppressed carrier channel frequencies shown in Table 1. Note that only live keyboard-to-keyboard operation of PACTOR III is allowed. Unattended automatic operation is not permitted.

Tips for Avoiding Interference

Because amateurs are only secondary users on 60 meters, we are required to yield to other services. In other words, if you suddenly hear a non-amateur transmission on the channel, you must cease operation on that channel immediately. Always listen before transmitting. If you hear another signal on the channel, whether it is a signal from an Amateur Radio or government/private station, don’t transmit.

As amateurs exercise their new 60 meter privileges, a more detailed and specific channel occupancy plan may become clear. In the meantime, follow these tips to share the channels as efficiently as possible.

 Keep your transmissions as short as possible with frequent breaks to listen for other signals.

 Although split-channel operation (transmitting on one channel and listening on another), is permitted under the rules, this is considered poor operating practice on 60 meters because it effectively ties up two channels at once and increases potential interference. If you must operate split channel, monitor your transmit channel for other signals.

 To locate a clear channel, USB operators should begin at Channel 5 and move down (if necessary) to Channels 4, 3, 2 and 1 until a clear channel is found. CW and digital operators should reverse this pattern, beginning at Channel 1 and moving upward until a clear channel is found.

 If you hear a digital signal and you’re not sure if it is an Amateur Radio signal, don’t transmit; move to another channel instead. Most primary users on 60 meters operate USB or wide-shift digital signals, so they are relatively easy to recognize. To help you identify the sounds of popular amateur digital modes, see the Get on the Air with HF Digital web page at www.arrl.org/hf-digital.

 Take care when using narrow receive filters, such as when operating CW. To be in compliance you need to be able to hear other stations that may begin operating on the channel.

 Over the years, Channel 5 has become a de facto international DX channel. With that in mind, avoid domestic QSOs on this channel when possible.

http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Regulatory/Recommended_Practices_for_60_Meters%20-%20Version%206_4.pdf

Friday, February 24, 2012

LOGBOOK OF THE WORLD ( LoTW ) Bag. 01

LOGBOOK OF THE WORLD ( LoTW ) Bag. 01

Steve, W2FB ; Imam, YB4IR & Pri, YBØECT/KB3LWW

Indonesian DX Community Vol.03/10/2008

Bagi mereka yang sudah biasa ber-DX tentu istilah Logbook of the World ( LoTW ) sudah tidak asing lagi. Tapi mungkin masih banyak rekan amatir radio yang belum terlalu paham mengenai LoTW ini. Inilah tujuan artikel kami yang akan terdiri dari 3 jilid. Yang pertama kami akan menerangkan apakah LoTW itu ? Bagimana menjalankan LoTW dan apa saja yang dibutuhkan untuk berpartisipasi dalam program LoTW ini dsbnya. Kedua, kami akan jelaskan bagaimana cara install program LoTW dan menjalankan Program LoTW. Ketiga, kami akan menjelaskan bagaimana cara maintenance data LoTW dsbnya. Apabila masih ada minat bacalah jilid ke dua dstnya yang akan secara tahap demi tahap membimbing anda untuk dapat berpartisipasi secara lengkap dan benar.

Pendahuluan

Setiap Amatir Radio tentu memiliki suatu kebanggaan tersendiri jika dapat meraih suatu prestasi dengan memperoleh Award. Banyak jenis dan tipe awards yang diterbitkan oleh setiap negara yang tergabung dalam organisasi amatir radio di dunia (IARU) dan salah satu award yang paling tua dan masih menjadi “Primadona” dan selalu diincar oleh setiap amatir radio dunia adalah DXCC Award ( DX Century Club ) dan WAS Award ( Worked All States ) yang telah diterbitkan oleh ARRL ( Organisasi Amatir Radio Amerika ).

Untuk dapat mengklaim award yang dimaksud tersebut maka, setiap amatir radio tentunya harus mengikuti aturan dan persyaratan yang dikeluarkan oleh penerbit award. Sampai saat ini ARRL masih berpegang teguh dengan cara-cara “Tradisional” untuk dapat mengklaim award Misal : DXCC maupun WAS. Yaitu dengan melampirkan secara fisik sejumlah QSL Card, GCR List ( Aplikasi form ) dan Award Fee.

Dengan perkembangan tekhnologi IT dan tanpa harus mengurangi arti “Tradisional” yang menjiwai arti “2way communications” dari QSL Card maka, ARRL menyediakan suatu fasilitas bagi setiap amatir radio untuk dapat mengklaim award seperti DXCC maupun WAS melalui Logbook of The World atau disebut juga dengan LoTW.

LoTW adalah semacam gudang logbook elektronik yang dikelola oleh ARRL. Secara garis besar maksudnya suatu sistim dimana pengguna/user LoTW telah saling komunikasi dan telah memiliki LoTW software yang telah di install. Selanjutnya meng upload data komunikasi tersebut berupa ADIF Format atau Cabrillo Format pada server Internet yang telah disediakan oleh ARRL. Setelah di Upload maka, kita dapat segera mengetahui apakah kita sudah dapat konfirmasi atau belum dengan stasiun Amatir Radio yang juga telah mempunyai LoTW. Kita juga dapat mengetahui ada berapa banyak DXCC entities kita yang sudah dikonfirmasi, dan kita tentu dapat klaim QSL Kredit untuk award DXCC dan WAS tanpa melalui prosedur pengiriman QSL card dengan cara tradisional kepada ARRL dsbnya.

Manfaat LoTW

Banyak manfaat yang dapat kita rasakan jika kita sebagai pengguna/user dari LoTW, antara lain adalah sebagai berikut:

• Dengan LoTW dapat lebih praktis karena setiap saat kita dapat kirim data QSO ke server ARRL/LoTW untuk mendapatkan konfirmasi (QSL) dari lawan QSO kita jika stasiun lawan itu juga sebagai pengguna LoTW maka, biasanya hanya dalam waktu 24 jam maka lawan QSO kita juga sudah pula mengirimkan datanya ke LoTW, disinilah konfirmasi terjadi. Apabila kebetulan lawan QSO kita tsb sudah lebih dulu mengirimkan datanya maka hanya dalam hitungan detik kita sudah dapat melihat “2way QSO” kita terkonfirmasi dan data ini dapat digunakan untuk menambah kekurangan negara DXCC untuk klaim DXCC Award. Sama halnya jika kita ingin klaim WAS Award.

• Dengan LoTW dapat lebih hemat biaya dan hemat waktu, bayangkan jika kita harus mengirim QSL Card kita secara direct melalui pos udara maka, berapa biaya cetak QSL Card, amplop, biaya perangko kirim dengan pos udara, tambahan IRC ( International Reply Coupon ) atau green stamp ( US$ ) sebagai balasan yang harus kita keluarkan. Bayangkan pula jika kita mengirimkannya melalui QSL Biro, berapa tahun baru dapat kita peroleh balasan QSL Cardnya untuk dapat kita pergunakan sebagai persyaratan klaim DXCC Award.

• Dengan LoTW kita dapat mengetahui setiap saat data QSO kita yang telah terkonfirmasi dengan stasiun DX dan juga jumlah negara DXCC yang sudah berhasil kita capai secara terinci pada setiap Mode dan Bandnya.

• Ternyata bahwa, stasiun DX lebih menyukai berQSO dengan sesama user LoTW karena dengan sesama user LoTW dapat lebih praktis untuk menambah poin koleksi negara DXCC nya ARRL.

• Hampir setiap software logger yang memiliki fasilitas telnetnya juga telah dilengkapi pula dengan identifikasi user LoTW sehingga mereka akan mengetahui frekwensi bekerjanya pengguna/user LoTW yang sedang ber DX dan andaikan kita sedang “CQDX” pada suatu band maka, panggilan kita akan segera diserbu ( pile ups ) oleh user LoTW dari seluruh dunia.

Tujuan

Digunakan untuk mengaplikasi misalnya pada DXCC Award maupun WAS Award ( Produk ARRL ) dengan cara yang lebih praktis, lebih hemat biaya dan hemat waktu, apabila dibandingkan dengan cara klaim “Tradisional” yaitu apabila dengan cara mengirimkan sebundel bukti QSL Card kepada Kantor Pusat ARRL di Newington, CT USA.

Disamping itu tujuan adanya LoTW adalah memberi wadah alternatif untuk stasiun amatir radio dari manca negara yang berpartisipasi dalam DXCC tanpa menggunakan kartu QSL.

Apakah LoTW itu ?

Logbook of the world ( LoTW ) adalah suatu fasilitas yang disediakan oleh ARRL secara online sistem dengan memanfaatkan jaringan internet yang dapat digunakan oleh seluruh amatir radio di seluruh penjuru dunia untuk saling mengkonfirmasi “2way QSO” nya dengan batasan-batasan sebagaimana regulasi Mode dan Band Plan dari IARU dan bahkan untuk band WARC pun juga dapat diakomodir pada LoTW.

Apabila anda sedang portable, bergerak darat, maritim, atau DXpedisi, maka ARRL memberi kemudahan melalui LoTW, dalam arti ARRL menerima data log anda.

Untuk meminimalisasi penggunaan data komunikasi anda dipakai oleh orang lain maka, anda harus terdaftar melalui ARRL LoTW Administrator. Tetapi anda tidak wajib menjadi anggota ARRL untuk berpartisipasi dalam LoTW.

Bagi mereka yang ingin ber LoTW maka, mereka harus mengirimkan Foto copy Izin memancar/License ( IAR & KTA ORARI ), dan bukti Identifikasi diri ( KTP, SIM atau pada halaman muka Paspor ) melalui POS UDARA. Setelah mengirimkan data tersebut, maka ARRL LoTW Administrator akan mengirim email kunci yang dapat menjalankan TQSL Program yang telah anda

install ( akan dijelaskan lebih lanjut pada artikel Jilid 2, Ed. ).

DXCC Award

Sebagai Ilustrasi : Pri, YBØECT dan Steve, W2FB pernah melakukan komunikasi jarak jauh/DX QSO pada band 20m CW dan, kami berdua sudah upload logbook ke LoTW, kami akan terbitkan QSL untuk QSO tersebut. Namun QSL ini adalah electronik alias “Virtual QSL” karena tidak dapat dipegang, dilihat, dan dikagumi. Tidak dapat di pajang pada dinding kamar/ruang radio. Tetapi dapat digunakan untuk klaim kredit award DXCC atau WAS. Kita tidak perlu bersusah payah mencari QSL route & mengirim kartu tersebut melalui QSL Manager, QSL by Direct, atau QSL via Nasional QSL Buro yang tentunya akan memakan biaya dan menyita banyak waktu.

Selanjutnya kami dapat klaim untuk DXCC kredit pada 20m Band CW. Proses ini hanya makan waktu beberapa menit dan biayanya hanya antara 15 sen sampai dengan 25 sen per kredit yang kita klaim untuk DXCC ( Harga per kredit berbeda, tergantung kita berapa kredit yang kita beli, semakin banyak maka, semakin murah ).

Berbeda dengan cara Tradisional, untuk cara tradisional tersebut akan memakan biaya minimum US$ 3.50 ( perinciannya : US$ 2.00 untuk SASE + US$ 1.50 untuk biaya pos udara ) dan makan waktu kurang lebih sekitar 2-3 minggu bahkan lebih. Keuntungannya dengan cara tradisional, anda akan mendapatkan kartu QSL yang dapat dipegang, dilihat, dan dikagumi, serta dapat di masukkan dalam album koleksi kartu QSL atau boleh jadi dipajang pada dinding kamar radio (hamshack).

Untuk mereka yang senang koleksi kartu QSL, program LoTW ini merupakan tambahan amunisi dalam berburu kartu QSL dan DXCC kredit. Dapatlah dibayangkan sendiri berapa biaya yang harus dikeluarkan untuk klaim award, apabila ingin berburu kartu QSL untuk setiap DX QSO anda ?.

Berbeda dengan LoTW, dalam waktu hanya beberapa menit, dan dengan mengisi applikasi untuk DXCC kredit online, membayar award FEE, dalam waktu 2-3 minggu DXCC award sudah di tangan. ( info: DXCC award + Lapel PIN akan dikirim oleh ARRL melalui Pos, Ed. ). Perlu diingat

bahwa, untuk upload data logbook haruslah secara teratur sepanjang telah melakukan DX QSO, agar supaya DXCC credit mudah tercapai sesuai keinginan anda.

Untuk berpartisipasi dalam LOTW kita hanya membutuhkan komputer/PC dengan fasilitas internet, logbook elektronik, dan kemampuan komputer dasar. Namun apabila anda belum mempunyai fasilitas Internet maka, anda dapat menggunakan fasilitas Internet pada warnet di sekitar kota anda. Kelemahannya dengan menggunakan fasilitas warnet adalah, anda paling tidak harus bolak balik pergi ke warnet sehingga akan dapat menyita waktu anda. Dan Software LoTW ( TQSL ) harus di simpan pada Flashdisk, karena pada saat menjalankan LoTW, program tersebut hanya jalan apabila pada komputer yang dulu di pergunakan waktu download pertama kali. Namun, saran kami, pergunakanlah komputer pribadi dan bukan melalui warnet.

Apabila anda seorang DXer yang sudah menggunakan log book Elektronik dan tertarik untuk meraih DXCC atau WAS award atau anda sudah memiliki DXCC tapi ingin menambah skor anda di berbagai band, dan mode maka, kami menghimbau anda untuk berpartisipasi dalam LoTW.

Worked All States ( WAS )

Bagaimana Cara Untuk Menggunakan LoTW ?

Langkah-langkah awal yang perlu kita ketahui untuk dapat menggunakan fasilitas LoTW ini antara lain adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Download software LoTW pada website ARRL ( http://www.arrl.org/lotw/#download )

2. Pilih software dengan versi terbarunya ( Download tqsl-111.exe )

3. Install software tersebut pada PC atau Notebook yang akan selalu kita pergunakan dan ikuti setiap perintahnya dengan benar (Secara rinci cara-cara install software LoTW ini akan diulas Edisi berikutnya, ed. )

4. Kirim foto copy Izin Amatir Radio (IAR), Kartu Tanda Anggota (KTA) ORARI, Kartu Tanda Penduduk ( KTP ) atau Surat Izin Mengemudi ( SIM ) atau Passport halaman muka melalui pos udara kepada Kantor Pusat ARRL :

To :

Logbook Administration ( LoTW ) ARRL

225 Main Street

Newington, CT 06111

USA

5. Setelah data IAR, KTA dan KTP/SIM kita diterima dan dinyatakan sah oleh Kantor Pusat ARRL maka, kita akan mendapatkan kunci sertifikat/password ( untuk menjalankan software LoTW ) yang akan dikirim ke email kita. Kunci/password ini hanya digunakan “Satu Kali” saja disaat pertama kali kita menjalankan program tersebut, tetapi bukan

saat kita memasukkan data QSO kita yaitu berupa tanggal QSO, Jam/UTC, Band, mode dstnya, selanjutnya data tersebut tidak pernah dipergunakan lagi karena sudah terdaftar secara otomatis data kita pada server ARRL. Kecuali jika kita menggunakan call sign lain lebih dari satu call sign ( misal : untuk Dxpedition, Special Call atau yang lainnya, maka kita perlu kunci tambahan dari ARRL). Satu kunci hanya berlaku untuk satu callsign saja sebagaimana yang kita daftarkan sesuai dengan IAR & KTA yang telah kita kirim.

6. Setiap pengguna LoTW sebaiknya mempunyai kartu kredit, namun apabila kita tidak mempunyai kartu kredit maka, kita dapat mengirim Award FEE melalui “Pos Udara” ( checque dari bank–bank di Amerika, International Money Order atau kirim tunai ), namun apabila award FEE tersebut dikirim melalui pos udara maka, resiko kehilangan atau mungkin tidak sampai ada pada pihak pengirim.

Lapel PIN DXCC

Sebagai gambaran dalam perhitungan award FEE : untuk setiap aplikasi satu awards jika kita “Member ARRL” dibutuhkan biaya awardnya US$ 12 + biaya satu QSLnya yang termurah US$ 0.15 & termahal US$ 0.25 sebagai biaya Basic. Karena apabila ingin mendapatkan rate yang US$ 0.15 maka, harus beli paling tidak 500 kredit. Apabila ingin membeli antara 50-99 kredit maka, biayanya 22.5 sen dan di atas 100 kredit biayanya 20 sen. (biaya per QSL dapat kita pilih sendiri sesuai dengan jumlah QSL yang akan kita pilih sebagai cadangan dana kita di ARRL yang nantinya dapat kita pergunakan untuk klaim DXCC Award maupun WAS Award.

Namun, apabila kita “Bukan member ARRL” maka, biaya awardnya US$ 22 + biaya satu QSL yang termurah adalah US$ 0.15. Biaya ini sudah termasuk ongkos kirim award ke alamat rumah kita dan Lapel Pin. Jadi, untuk klaim satu DXCC Award dibutuhkan minimal 100 negara DXCC, berarti total biayanya adalah US$ 22 + ( US$ 0.15 x 100 )

7. Setiap user LoTW harus mempunyai software logger pribadinya. Banyak logger yang dapat di download secara gratis, misal : Logger32 ; MixW ; WJ2O ; HamLogger dsbnya. Setiap QSO harus diperhatikan data secara benar seperti tanggal, jam/UTC, frekwensi, mode dan callsign lawan QSO kita. Karena apabila data yang kita kirim ternyata salah karena faktor “Human Error” maka, sampai kiamatpun data kita tidak akan terkonfirmasi.

Pada sistem ARRL LoTW akan “Terkonfirmasi” secara otomatis, apabila semua data yang kita kirim adalah cocok dengan data yang dikirim oleh stasiun lawan QSO kita. Untuk diketahui pula bahwa, terkadang satuan menit dan detik seringkali berbeda dengan lawan QSO kita, namun pada sistem ARRL hal ini sudah diperhitungkan. Mereka memiliki batasan maksimal yang dapat ditolerir ( beda waktu QSO maksimum antara log kita dan log lawan QSO adalah 30 menit ). Sehingga kita tidak perlu khawatir jika terdapat perbedaaan dalam satuan menit. Asalkan jangan sampai beda sampai beberapa jam apalagi sampai beda hari/tanggal. Ini tidak dapat dikonfirmasi sebagai “2way Comminications” ( tidak matched ).

8. Setiap data yang dapat kita kirim via email ke LoTW maupun langsung di upload di web

LoTW harus sudah dikonversi dalam format TQ8.

9. Data dalam format TQ8 dapat berasal dari data dalam bentuk format ADIF maupun CABRILLO ( Tata cara mengkonversi data ini akan diulas pada “Teknik menggunakan software LoTW” pada Edisi berikut )

Berapa Biaya Klaim DXCC Award Melalui LoTW ?

Sebelum dikupas secara rinci berapa biaya DXCC award yang harus dikeluarkan, perlu disampaikan pula bahwa disini kami membandingkan biaya DXCC award melalui cara Tradisional dan dengan cara LoTW, agar para pembaca khususnya amatir radio mengetahui seberapa efektif dan efisiennya biaya yang harus dikeluarkan.

Perbandingan Biaya Award Antara Tradisional & LoTW

DXCC Award:

Bersambung pada Edisi berikutnya,…

Steve, W2FB ; Imam, YB4IR & Pri, YBØECT/KB3LWW

Thursday, February 23, 2012

The Code of Conduct for Using the DXcluster

http://dx-code.org/cluster.html

The Code of Conduct for Using the DXcluster

Gary, ZL2IFB

• The clue is in the name. Only ‘spot’ genuine DX, ie relatively rare or exotic calls on that band, mode and time.

• ‘Spot’ DX stations that are ‘lonely’ but don’t ‘spot’ those who have been found the "proper" way, by operators who actually listen for DX. Give them a chance to get their QSO because the mob will decend on them as soon as they are spotted.

• Dont 'spot' stations that are already very busy or struggling to control their pile-ups – give them a break! Real DXers will probably be in the pile-up, if not in the log already. Repeatedly spotting’ huge pile-ups is showing off and merely encourages yet more QRM from those who are too lazy or incompetent to find DX for themselves.

• Avoid ‘spotting’ stations that have just been ‘spotted’ by someone else, unless you have useful additional information to pass on. Definitely don’t ‘spot’ a station that has just been ‘spotted’ by a million others, no matter how excited you are.

• It is impolite to ‘self-spot’ (‘spot’ your own callsign) unless you are desperately trying to start activity on an open but quiet band – and even then it is preferable to ‘spot’ a real DX station with a comment to the effect that the band is open.

• Never ‘self-spot’ in a contest; that is definitely cheating. Posting the ‘spot’ under a friend’s callsign or a fake call doesn’t make it any more ethical.

• Please do not ‘spot’ the exact QSX frequency for DX stations operating split – it just makes the pile-up on that frequency even more difficult for them to handle. It is also unnecessary; “Up” or “Down” is reminder enough because real DXers will of course listen first!

• Get the DX call and frequency right, double-check the information before ‘spotting’ and treblecheck
after ‘spotting’. Correct your mistakes promptly and apologetically, and learn the lesson.

• Respect the DX station’s wishes regarding ‘spotting’ if they indicate (whether on the air or on their QRZ page or website) that they do, or do not, want to be ‘spotted’.

• Use your own call (remembering that your IP address is logged automatically) and be polite.

• Never insult anyone via DXcluster; it is only a hobby – and we know your IP address.

• Do not post pseudo-spots begging for QSOs, QSYs, new modes or whatever. DXcluster is not e-mail. Assume the DX is either not monitoring the cluster, or is too busy to respond.

• Do not post lame ‘non-spots’ saying you cannot hear someone. Nobody but you really cares. (Telling us that you cannot hear the DX on your 18 element 160 metre yagi at 600 feet is fine though because we will all be laughing at you for playing ‘chequebook radio’.)

• Do not post brag spots (“Worked with 3mW!”, “Yipeee!!”, “Easy on my 24 ele quad” and “Thanks for DXCC#678”).

• Do not create and ‘spot’ fake callsigns just to test your software; ‘spot’ the station TE1ST as the DXcluster network doesn’t circulate spots with that call. (Definitely avoid ‘spotting’ fake calls starting with exotic prefixes (such as P5) as that is guaranteed to excite those who have DXcluster alarms set for their last few DXCC countries.)

• Do not try to make, complete or arrange DX QSOs via DXcluster. It is unsporting, cheating even.

• Do post helpful comments eg IOTA reference, QSL information etc.

• Configure the DXcluster filters appropriately. If you get annoyed at VHF spots, ANN/ALL announcements or beacon spots, just cut out the QRM using the DXcluster filtering facilities.

• Hint: while you may enjoy the challenge of mastering the DXcluster’s somewhat obscure and limited filtering commands, software such as VE7CC’s CC User and logging programs such as Logger32 make spot filtering much easier and more flexible. Another excellent program is DX Monitor at http://ve3sun.com/

http://dx-code.org/cluster.html

Tuesday, February 21, 2012

ANTENNAMANIA 0106

ANTENNAMANIA 0106

The HeliCap Antenna (antena helikal untuk di BASE Station)

bam ybØko/1 | unclebam@gmail.com

Pengantar:

Antena Helikal (sebutan bagi antena yang dibuat dengan menggulung elemen secara helikal – helically wound – pada sebatang pipa pejal/rod) untuk Low Band HF lazimnya hanya digunakan pada atau untuk aplikasi Stasiun Bergerak (mobile station), dan jarang sekali digunakan pada instalasi di Base Station -- kecuali pada saat darurat, misalnya untuk menggantikan antena utama (biasanya berupa berjenis vari- ant Dipole atau antena Vertikal) yang karena satu dan lain hal sedang tidak bisa digunakan (konsep “tiada rotan akar- pun berguna”)

Di literatur, salah satu versi antena Helikal untuk Base Sta- tion yang biasa dijadikan rujukan adalah berjenis FLAG Pole (tiang bendera) Antenna, berupa kawat 1/2λ yang digulung dengan spasi pada sebatang pipa PVC 2-3” (pada versi baru dipakai 1/4λ kawat yang disusupkan ke dalam pipa yang sama, TANPA ada gulungan/lilitan), yang lantas menjadi- kannya bekerja sebagai sebuah Monobander monopole (vertical) antenna.

Betapapun, menegakkan pipa setinggi 1/4λ (yang memerlu- kan guy wires) serta keharusan adanya grounding system (tata pentanahan) yang tidak sekedar “apa adanya” untuk menunjang keberhasilan kinerja sebuah antena vertikal macam ini biasanya belum apa-apa sudah bikin ciut nyali rekans berlahan cekak, dan karenanya pada edisi ini penulis mengajak rekans untuk ‘ngikuti bahasan tentang antena yang penulis sebut sebagai the HeliCap Antenna, yang dari awal memang penulis niatkan untuk penggunaan di Base Station, dan di-angan-kan untuk bisa berkinerja “lumayan” TANPA harus menggunakan sistim radial yang kompleks dan

ribet.

BTW, prototype antena HeliCap ini beserta proses perakitannya pernah penulis peragakan di depan para peserta acara NYOLDER BARENG II di Sidoarjo, bulan Oktober 2010 [bam]

Pembonsaian Antena

Di kalangan penghayat dan pengamal ilmu per-antena-an — baik yang amatir maupun yang pro — dikenal berbagai kiat pembonsaian antena, antara lain dengan menggunakan berjenis loading coils (base, center atau top/end loading), trap, linear loading, dan/atau meng- gulung elemen secara helikal (helically wound).

Tiap kiat mempunyai sisi plus dan minus masing- masing, tapi pada umumnya selalu disebutkan bahwa ... inductively loaded antennas are less efficient and have narrower bandwidths than full-size ones ... sehingga untuk mendapatkan kinerja yang optimal dari kiat inductive loading (terutama efisiensinya) seyogy- anya dicari kombinasi yang tepat di antara berbagai kiat per-loading-an tersebut, tentunya dengan memper- timbangkan untuk aplikasi apa sebuah antena diran- cang serta sikon setempat dan sewaktu seperti apa yang dihadapi dalam proses pembuatan, perakitan, penalaan dan pemakaiannya.

Antena HELIKA L

Bagi mereka yang menginginkan sebuah antena yang bisa dibuat lebih pendek (bahkan paling pendek) ketimbang antena yang dibonsai dengan kiat pembon- saian yang lain, kiat penggulungan elemen secara helikal (helically wound) dipilih karena dapat memberi- kan distribusi arus (current distribution) yang merata di sepanjang elemen, tentunya selama tetap diperhatikan batasan-batasan yang diperlukan untuk dapat mem- pertahankan efisiensinya.

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Kalau tidak disebutkan lain secara spesifik, maka angka atau nilai yang disebutkan dalam batasan- batasan umum yang ditela berikut merujuk pada rancangan antena untuk band 40m, yang tentunya dengan mudah dapat di scaled up atau scaled down (diambil skalanya) untuk band-band lain.

1. Diameter lilitan/gulungan

Pada proses perancangan antena helikal, ratio ukuran diameter koker dibanding panjang gelom- bang harus cukup kecil untuk menghindari antena bekerja pada mode axial (seperti pada antena HE- LIX di band UHF) dengan polarisasi sirkuler -- yang kurang pas untuk aplikasi di band HF. Untuk low band HF, diameter yang dianjurkan adalah antara 1 ~ 10”, yang dalam praktek akan ditentukan oleh berbagai pertimbangan dari segi kemudahan proses pelilitan dan kekokohan konstruksi.

2. Panjang kawat yang dililitkan

Menurut pakem yang selama ini diikuti para pem- biksen (pembikin sendiri/homebrewer) dan pengra- jin antena, untuk membuat sebuah antena dengan panjang elektrikal 1/4λ diperlukan kawat sepan- jang 2x lipat panjang eletrik atau = 1/2λ.

3 Diameter kawat

usahakan untuk sebesar mungkin (untuk menekan losses, yang antara lain bisa ditan- dai kalau kawat menjadi hangat – atau panas -- saat dipakai transmit), namun juga sepraktis mung- kin dengan mempertimbangkan segi-segi kemudah- an dalam proses pelilitan, solder menyolder atau sambung menyambung di mana perlu.

4. Spasi Lilitan

Untuk meng-optimal-kan pemerataan distribusi arus (dan beban) di sepanjang radiator pelilitan bisa dila- kukan menuruti rekomendasi Prof. Arnie Coro CO2KK (dari milist AntenneX), yaitu dengan mem- baginya dalam 3 cara pelilitan yang berbeda: de- ngan spasi renggang, sedang dan tanpa spasi (= lilitan rapat).

5. Capacitive Loading

Untuk menurunkan faktor Q dari keseluruhan sosok antena (dan untuk dapat sedikit memperlebar bandwidth pada rancangan helikal yang terkenal pelit bandwidth itu) pada titik dengan voltage maxima (= di ujung antena, karena di pangkalnya terdapat current maxima) perlu ditambahkan ca- pacitive loading untuk menambahkan sedikit nilai C pada keseluruhan sirkit antena yang akan dibuat.

Pengembangan Gagasan

Bertolak dari batasan-batasan di atas maka disusun Bill of Material (rincian bahan) sebagai berikut:

1. Untuk koker dipakai pipa PVC dia. 1.5”

2. Lilitan dibuat dengan membagi TIGA kawat yang tersedia, sehingga didapatkan tiga segmen kawat yang dililitkan dengan 3 cara pelilitan yang ber- beda: lilitan segmen pertama dibuat dengan spasi 2x tebal kawat, segmen ke dua dengan spasi 1x tebal kawat dan segmen terakihr dengan lilitan rapat (TANPA spasi = close wound)

3. Karena tidak praktis kalau penalaan dilakukan de- ngan membuka atau menambah lilitan, maka pan- jang segmen induktip (yang dibuat dengan proses lilit-melilit) sengaja dibuat untuk tidak pas resonan pada design frequency. Dengan demikian, alih-alih menggunakan kawat sepanjang 20 mtr (hitungan kasar untuk panjang fisik 1/2λ pada band 40m) maka dipakai kawat sepanjang 18 mtr saja.

4. Untuk mengkompensasi naiknya frekwensi pasca langkah 3 diatas perlu diberikan Capacitive loading (untuk mengembalikan frekwensi resonan ke de- sign frequency di band 40m), berupa tambahan sepotong pipa aluminium dia. 1.5” di ujung lilitan.

5. Dengan pertimbangan kemudahan pengerjaan (dan lebih murah) pipa aluminium di langkah 4 di- substitusi (diganti) dengan melilitkan -- istilah yang lebih pas adalah “membungkuskan”/wrapping -- aluminium wire mesh (kawat nyamuk, yang biasa dipakai sebagai bahan pada perakitan parabola) menutupi pipa PVC, persis di (dan tersambung de- ngan) ujung lilitan rapat segmen helikal terakhir.

6. Ujung luar/atas wire mesh di-klem ke pipa dengan hose clamp. Sebelum klem dikencangkan, susup- kan sepotong (20-25 cm) kawat tebal berisolasi (dia. 1.6 — 2 mm) yang nantinya difungsikan seba- gai capacitive hat. Pangkal kawat ini (yang sudah di”buka” isolasinya) yang disusupkan ke klem- kleman, sedangkan ujungnya biarkan ‘nglèwèr/ menjuntai begitu saja (supaya mudah dipotong/di- trim sedikit demi sedikit untuk fine tuning pada proses penalaan).

Antena HeliCap

Pada saat pengembangan gagasan inilah kemudian terbersit sebutan HeliCap bagi rancangan antena yang merupakan gabungan antara komponen induktip berupa Helically wound segment dan komponen ka- pasitip berupa Capacitive Loading (dan Hat) itu.

Perakitan antena HeliCap

Mengawali proses perakitan siapkan bahan-bahan utama (dan pembantu) sebagai berikut:

1 mtr pipa PVC dia. 1.5”, type D (tipis)

10 mtr kabel speaker Monster 2 x 32, ”belah”/split jadi 2 utas @ 10 mtr. Sambung-seriekan kedua ujung untuk mendapatkan 20 mtr kabel serabut berisolasi (kurleb dia. 1.8 mm termasuk tebal isolasi). Potong dulu sepan- jang 18 mtr dan sisakan kelebihan 2 mtr un- tuk “alat bantu” dalam proses pelilitan.

1/2 mtr (lebar 100 cm) kawat nyamuk Aluminium

1 rol double tape, lebar 2 cm

1 rol Aluminum adhesive tape lebar 5 cm (pita alu- minium dengan satu sisi berperekat, seperti yang diecer di kaki lima untuk menambal panci bocor; atau dipakai para tehnisi insta- latir parabola untuk menutup titik-titik sam- bungan supaya tidak kemasukan air hujan atau embun)

4-5 bh hose clamp (klem selang) 2”

1-2 bh cap/dop PVC 1.5”

1 tube lem PVC

1 set (resin & hardener) lem epoxy jenis FAST DRY

1 rol isolasi kelistrikan

1 kantong nylon cable ties # 150

PROSES PERAKITAN

1. Pembuatan komponen induktip/segmen helikal

a. Bagi 18 mtr kabel tersebut menjadi 3 segmen @ 6 mtr. Kalau yakin akan bisa menanganinya, kabel tersebut TIDAK USAH dipotong, cukup ditandai saja (misalnya dengan supidol atau isolasi tape) pada tiap batas antar segmen @ 6 meteran tersebut.

b. Kira-kira 10 cm dari ujung bawah/pangkal pipa PVC buat lubang dengan mata bor kecil (sekedar tibang pas buat lewat kabel, malah kalau bisa agak seret) sebagai “titik awal” pelilitan (lubang harus menem- bus pipa pada 2 titik yang ber”seberangan”)

c. Sebelum mulai proses pelilitan, tempelkan 4 “strip” @ 20 cm double tape membentuk 4 garis berjajar pada permukaan pipa PVC (bisa saling berimpit/ overlap atau berspasi, sesuai lebar double tape yang ada). Strip perekat ini akan “memegang” lilit- an untuk tidak bergeser dari posisinya.

d. Masukkan +/- 15 cm ujung kabel ke lubang yang disebut di butir (b), tarik keluar sampai “nongol” dari lubang di seberangnya.

e. Mulai lakukan pelilitan segmen pertama, dengan menggunakan kabel speaker yang BELUM di-split sebagai spacer (pengatur spasi) antar lilitan untuk mendapatkan lilitan dengan spasi 2x tebal kawat.

f. Berhenti melilit begitu lilitan mendekati ujung 4 strip double tape. “Ikat” pangkal dan ujung lilitan dengan cable tie supaya tidak terurai [‘nglokor (Jw)]

g. Tempelkan 4 strip @ 20 cm berikutnya, dan teruskan pelilitan sampai keseluruhan 6 mtr kabel habis terlilit (kalau perlu dengan setiap kali ber- henti seperlunya untuk menempelkan n x 4 strip @ 20 cm berikutnya). Ikat/kencangkan ujung lilitan dengan cable tie.

a. Lakukan pelilitan segmen ke 2 dengan proses yang sama dengan peliliitan segmen pertama (dengan menempelkan n x 4 strip @ 20 cm double tape, mengikat lilitan dengan cable tie di mana perlu dan sebagainya), hanya saja untuk tahap ini pelilitan dilakukan dengan kabel yang SUDAH di split seba-

gai spacer.

b. Sesudah 6 mtr ke dua habis terlilit, kembali ikat ujung lilitan segmen 2 ini dengan Cable tie.

c. Pelilitan segmen 6 mtr ke tiga/terakhir dilakukan TANPA spasi, yang tentunya jauh lebih mudah dila- kukan ketimbang pelilitan 2 segmen sebelumnya. Ikat ujung lilitan dengan cable tie (untuk nantinya cable tie ini diganti dengan hose clamp).

Gambar 1 memperlihatkan komponen induktip atau segmen helikal ini (pada gambar spasi antar lilitan BE-

2. Pembuatan komponen/segmen kapasitip

a. Persis di ujung lilitan helikal terakhir, tempelkan strip double tape sepanjang 30 cm. Kalau ingin le- bih kuat daya rekatnya tempelkan saja 2 strip saling berjajar rapat.
b. Potong aluminium wire mesh dengan lebih dulu me- lingkarkannya pada pipa PVC yang belum tertutup doube tape untuk mendapatkan ukuran yang cukup melingkari pipa (lebihkan untuk overlap +/- 2 cm).
c. Tempelkan erat-erat pinggir wire mesh ke permu- kaan double tape, lalu lingkarkan sisanya memutari keseluruhan panjang pipa PVC. Selama proses pelingkaran ini pastikan wire mesh tertempel erat dan rata ke permukaan pipa (dengan overlap +/- 2 cm seperti disebut di atas).

d. Lanjutkan proses pem”bungkus”an pipa sampai wire mesh sepenuhnya menutup permukaan pipa. Ratakan pembungkusan dengan menggosoknya dengan gagang pisau atau obeng. Ikat kedua ujung dengan cable tie, sedangkan untuk memastikan gulungan tidak “nglokor” atau terurai selama proses selanjutnya ikat gulungan wire mesh tersebut de- ngan isolasi tape -- dengan interval seperlunya.

e. Pada AKHIR proses perakitan, nantinya permukaan wire mesh akan ditutup dengan Aluminium adhesive tape (sehingga sepintas terlihat seperti sepotong pipa aluminum - dan BUKAN sekedar (atau terlihat seperti) pipa PVC yang dibungkus wire mesh doang. Pada tahap ini biarkan saja dalam keadaan terbuka seperti itu.

Gambar 2 – Komponen KAPASITIP (pada gambar SUDAH ditutup/ dilapis Aluminium tape).

Perhatikan sepotong kabel yang diklèm dengan hose clamp di ujung atas gulungan wiremesh (ikuti text lanjutan pada edisi bu- lan depan untuk keterangan ditil tentang “sepotong kabel” ini)

Bagian pertama tulisan tentang HeliCap ini kita cukup- kan sampai disini saja dulu, untuk disambung- lanjutkan lagi di edisi depan … CU ES 73

Sunday, February 19, 2012

Lighthouses of Indonesia: West Papua

http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/idri.htm

Lighthouses of Indonesia: West Papua

Indonesia has been independent since 1945, after having been the Dutch East Indies for more than 350 years. It is a huge country, stretching along both sides of the Equator for more than 46 degrees of longitude (roughly 5100 km or 3200 miles). Comprised of some 17,000 islands (more than 6000 inhabited islands), it has hundreds of major aids to navigation.
This page includes the lighthouses of Indonesian Papua (western New Guinea). The Dutch extended their claim to western New Guinea, the world's second-largest island, in 1828, but they established no major settlements until nearly 1900. The principal towns today are Jayapura (formerly Hollandia) and Manokwari in the north, Sorong at the west end of the island, and Merauke in the south. Most of the Indonesian half of the island is included in Papua Province. West Papua Province includes the oddly-shaped Doberai or Bird's Head (Vogelkop) Peninsula at the northwestern corner of New Guinea.
The Indonesian word for a lighthouse is mercusuar. The phrase menara suar, which includes the Arabic word menara, is sometimes used instead. Tanjung andujung are words for capes, pulau is an island, selat is a strait, karang is a reef, and teluk is a gulf, bay, or harbor.
Aids to navigation in Indonesia are operated and maintained by the Indonesian Directorate of Marine Navigation (Indomarinav).
ARLHS numbers are from the ARLHS World List of Lights. Admiralty numbers are from volumes F and K of the Admiralty List of Lights & Fog Signals. U.S. NGA List numbers are from Publication 112.

General Sources
KITLV Beeldbank: Historic photos from the collection of the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies.

Oinake Light, Papua, November 2007
photo copyright Billy Sumuan; used by permission

Papua Province South Coast (Arafura Sea) Lighthouses

Merauke Area Lighthouses
Note: A town founded by the Dutch in 1902, Merauke has a population of about 70,000 and is the principal settlement on Papua's south coast.

West Papua Province Lighthouses

South Coast (Seram Sea) Lighthouses
Bitsyaru: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 75 m (246 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 15 m (49 ft) iron skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, and Google has only a very distant satellite view of the area. Located on a promontory at Bitsyaru on the Kamrau Gulf. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-113; Admiralty K3345.3; NGA 25916.
Pulau Adi: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 30 m (98 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. "White structure," according to NGA. No photo available, but Google's satellite view reveals a square white building that must carry the light. This light marks the entrance to the large Kamrau Gulf on the southwest coast of Papua. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3345.5; NGA 25912.
Pulau Panjang (Tanjung Wamarusa) (2): Date unknown (station established 1904). Active; focal plane 34 m (112 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 13 m (43 ft) square skeletal tower with gallery, painted white. No photo available, but Google has asatellite view. This light marks the entrance to a sheltered bay and the small port of Faklak. Located on Tanjung Wamarusa at the eastern end of Pulau Panjang. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-232; Admiralty K3346; NGA 25920.
Pulau Sabuda: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 100 m (328 ft); two white flashes every 18 s. 17 m (56 ft) iron skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, and Google has only a fuzzy and clouded satellite view. Sabuda is an island about 25 km (15 mi) long off the entrance to the Berau Gulf, a large embayment under the "chin" of the Bird's Head. Located at the eastern end of the island. Accessible only by boat; the island is reported to be privately owned. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-245; Admiralty K3348.4; NGA 25940.
Tanjung Sabra (2): 2008 (station establishment date unknown). Active; focal plane 16 m (52 ft); white flash every 5 s. 15 m (49 ft) skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, and Google has only a fuzzy satellite view of the point. Located on a low promontory on the north side of the entrance to the Berau Gulf, a large embayment under the "chin" of the Bird's Head. Probably accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-327; Admiralty K3349; NGA 25928.
Pulau Yefjus (Yef Yus, Jef Joes): Date unknown. Active; focal plane 33 m (108 ft); white flash every 7.5 s. 20 m (66 ft) square skeletal tower with gallery, painted white. A photo and a distant view are available. Located on a small island about 40 km (25 ft) south of the "beak" of the Bird's Head. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-136; Admiralty K3358; NGA 25944.
Raja Ampat Lighthouses
Note: The Raja Ampat Islands are a loose group of islands, large and small, lying off the western tip of Papua. The name means "Four Kings," and there are four large islands: Misool in the south, Salawati and Batanta in the center just off the Papuan coast, and Weigeo to the north. The islands form a regency within West Papua province.
Saonek Besar: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 62 m (203 ft); white flash every 7.5 s. Approx. 30m (98 ft) square skeletal communications tower with gallery, painted white. A photo and a distant view are available, and Google has a satellite view. Saonek Besar is a small but densely populated island about 5 km (3 mi) southwest of Sapokreng, a port on the south coast of Waigeo. The island is known as a base for scuba diving expeditions. Located atop a bluff on the southern tip of Saonek Besar. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3363; NGA 26022.
Tanjung Warangket (2): 2007 (staion establishment date unknown). Active; focal plane 74 m (243 ft); two white flashes every 10 s. Square skeletal tower with gallery, height unknown but at least 20 m (66 ft). A photo is available, but Google has only a distant satellite view of the area. Located on the northern tip of Salawati, where it marks the eastern entrance to the strait separating Salawati and Batanta. Accessible only by boat. Admiralty K3364.
Sorong Area Lighthouses
Pulau Buaya (Pulau Ram): Date unknown. Active; focal plane 86 m (282 ft); four white flashes every 25 s. 20 m (66 ft) "white beacon," according to NGA. No photo available; Google has a satellite view that doesn't clarify whether the tower is concrete or skeletal. The light guides vessels entering the Sele Strait, which leads to the port of Sorong at the western tip of Papua. Located on the western tip of the island, about 10 km (6 mi) northwest of Sorong. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3373.3; NGA 25956.
Mios Su (Amsterdam Island): Date unknown. Active; focal plane 17 m (56 ft); white flash every 3 s. 16.5 m (54 ft) square iron skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. This light marks the eastern entrance to the Dampier Strait, which separates the Doberai Peninsula of Papua from the island of Waigeo. Located on the western tip of a small island off the "eyebrow" of the Bird's Head. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-170; Admiralty K3376; NGA 26024.
Tanjung Saukorem (Saoekorem): Date unknown. Active; focal plane 32 m (105 ft); two white flashes every 10 s. 30 m (98 ft) iron skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, and the tower is not seen clearly in a Google satellite view of the station. Located on a low promontory on the top of the Bird's Head, about 125 km (75 mi) north northwest of Manokwari. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-269; Admiralty K3376.5; NGA 26028.
Mapia Atoll Lighthouses
Pulau Fanildo: 2007. Active; focal plane 33 m (108 ft); two white flashes every 12 s. 30 m (98 ft) "white beacon." No photo available; Google has a distant satellite view of the islet. This lighthouse and the next two are on the Mapia atoll (Kepulauan Mapia), located far out in the Pacific about 200 km (125 mi) north of Manokwari. The lighthouse marks the northwestern corner of the Mapia atoll. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. Admiralty F2111.98.
Pulau Bras: 2007. Active; focal plane 45 m (148 ft); two white flashes every 12 s. 40 m (131 ft) "white tower." No photo available; Google has a distant satellite view of the islet. This new lighthouse marks the northeastern corner of the Mapia atoll. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. Admiralty F2111.95.
Pulau Pegun: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 30 m (98 ft); white flash every 5 s. 30 m (98 ft) "white beacon." No photo available; Google has a fuzzy satellite view of the location. Both NGA and ARLHS have placed the light erroneously in Palau. Located on the southern tip of Pulau Pegun, marking the southern end of the atoll. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. ARLHS PAL-002; Admiralty F2111.9; NGA 111-10932.
Manokwari Area Lighthouses
Tanjung Memori: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 16 m (52 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 17 m (56 ft) square skeletal tower with gallery, painted white. Two keeper's houses. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. Tanjung Memori is a promontory sheltering the harbor of Manokwari, the capital of West Papua province. Located at the tip of the cape, about 8 km (5 mi) east of Manokwari. Accessible by road. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3389; NGA 26032.
Pulau Numfoor (Yerunana): Date unknown. Active; focal plane 45 m (148 ft); white flash every 5 s. 16 m (52 ft) skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, and Google has only a very distant satellite view of the area. Pulau Numfoor is an island about 25 km (15 mi) in diameter in the northwestern corner of the Cenderawasih Gulf. Located near Kameri on the northwestern side of the island, about 65 km (40 mi) east of Manokwari. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-179; Admiralty K3392; NGA 26052.
Tanjung Oransbari: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 50 m (164 ft); white light occulting once every 4 s. "White beacon," according to NGA, a description that typically refers to a skeletal tower but may mean a concrete tower here. No photo available, but Google has an indistinct satellite view. Located on a promontory at the back of the Bird's Head, marking the west side of the entrance to the Cenderawasih Gulf. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3395.1; NGA 26080.

Papua Province North Coast Lighthouses

Cenderawasih Gulf Lighthouses
Pulau Bepondi North: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 33 m (108 ft); two white flashes every 12 s. 30 m (98 ft) "white beacon," possibly a concrete tower. No photo available, and the lighthouse may be too new to appear in Google'ssatellite view. Pulau Bepondi is a small island about 30 km (19 mi) northwest of the large island of Pulau Biak and 160 km (100 mi) northeast of Manokwari. Located on the northern tip of the island. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3391.7.
Pulau Rani: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 17 m (56 ft); white flash every 3 s. 15 m (49 ft) "white beacon." No photo available, and Google has only a fuzzy satellite view of the island. Located on a small island in the northwestern Cenderawasih Gulf. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3392.7; NGA 26056.
Pulau Rasi: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 14 m (43 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 16 m (52 ft) skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, and Google has only a very fuzzy satellite view. Located on a small island off the entrance to the broad Cenderawasih Gulf. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3393.6; NGA 26088.
Ujung Kimbo (Teluk Kimi): Date unknown. Active; focal plane 23 m (75 ft); two white flashes every 8 s. 20 m (66 ft) skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, and Google has only a very distant satellite view of the area. Located on a promontory sheltering the harbor of Kimi, a town on the east side of the Cenderawasih Gulf. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3395.8; NGA 26104.
Tanjung Kamengsenu: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 53 m (174 ft); white flash every 4 s. No description or photo available, but a tall tower is likely at this location. Google has only a distant satellite view of the cape. Located on a prominent cape on the east side of the Cenderawasih Gulf. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3395.9; NGA 26104.5.
Tanjung Rainbawi (Tanjung Rainbawa): Date unknown. Active; focal plane 26 m (85 ft); white flash every 3 s. 20 m (66 ft) skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available; the tower is barely visible in a distant Google satellite view. The lighthouse may have been replaced recently, since NGA lists a 16 m (52 ft) tower. Located at the eastern tip of the island of Yapen, marking the east entrance to the Cenderawasih Gulf. Site status unknown. ARLHS IDO-322; Admiralty K3393.7; NGA 26108.
Philippine Sea Lighthouses
Mamberamo: Date unknown. Active; focal plane 31 m (102 ft); white flash every 5 s. 16 m (52 ft) skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available; the tower might be visible in a Google satellite view. Located on the west side of the entrance to the Mamberamo River about 5 km (3 mi) west of Tanjung Perkam (Cape D'Urville), the northwestern "shoulder" of New Guinea. Site status unknown. Admiralty K3396.6; NGA 26112.
* Oinake: Date unknown (1990s?). Active; focal plane 200 m (656 ft); white flash every 10 s. Approx. 37 m (121 ft) octagonal concrete tower with lantern and gallery. The lighthouse is unpainted white concrete. A photo is at the top of this page, Ashley Zoch has a 1999 photo, and Google has a good satellite view. This lighthouse is located at the border between Indonesian Papua and the independent nation of Papua New Guinea, near the town of Watung, Papua New Guinea, and about 50 km (30 mi) east of Jayapura, the capital of Indonesia's Papua province. Accessible by road. Site open, tower closed. Admiralty K3399.8; NGA 26129.

Information available on lost lighthouses:

Notable faux lighthouses:

Pulau Dofior, Sorong. This monument at the harbor entrance is easily mistaken for a lighthouse. There is a light on a small red skeletal tower in front of the monument (Admiralty K3366; NGA 25968).

http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/idri.htm